Climate Warming Mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions     

Bo FU  Jingyi LI  Thomas GASSER  Philippe CIAIS  Shilong PIAO  Shu TAO  Guofeng SHEN  Yuqin LAI  Luchao HAN  Bengang LI 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1217-1228

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to alleviate global warming in the Paris Agreement. However, the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’ decision-making process. In this study, we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario (?T = 0.6°C) and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system model. Considering reductions in CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC, and SO₂, the R5OECD (the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990) and R5ASIA (Asian countries) are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation, accounting for 39.3% and 36.8%, respectively. R5LAM (Latin America and the Caribbean) and R5MAF (the Middle East and Africa) followed behind, with contributions of 11.5% and 8.9%, respectively. The remaining 3.5% is attributed to R5REF (the Reforming Economies). Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions, but not the only one. Other greenhouse gases are also important, especially for R5MAF. The contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant, notably SO₂ reduction in R5ASIA. We argue that additional species beyond CO₂ need to be considered, including short-lived pollutants, when planning a route to mitigate climate change. It needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts, let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree target. All countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.  相似文献   

Application and discussion of statistical seismology in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment studies     

Weilai PEI  Shiyong ZHOU  Jiancang ZHUANG  Ziyao XIONG  Jian PIAO 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,65(2):257-268

Earthquakes are one of the natural disasters that pose a major threat to human lives and property. Earthquake prediction propels the construction and development of modern seismology;however, current deterministic earthquake prediction is limited by numerous difficulties. Identifying the temporal and spatial statistical characteristics of earthquake occurrences and constructing earthquake risk statistical prediction models have become significant;particularly for evaluating earthquake risks and addressing seismic planning requirements such as the design of cities and lifeline projects based on the obtained insight. Since the 21 st century, the occurrence of a series of strong earthquakes represented by the Wenchuan M8 earthquake in 2008 in certain low-risk prediction areas has caused seismologists to reflect on traditional seismic hazard assessment globally. This article briefly reviews the development of statistical seismology, emphatically analyzes the research results and existing problems of statistical seismology in seismic hazard assessment, and discusses the direction of its development. The analysis shows that the seismic hazard assessment based on modern earthquake catalogues in most regions should be effective. Particularly, the application of seismic hazard assessment based on ETAS(epidemic type aftershock sequence)should be the easiest and most effective method for the compilation of seismic hazard maps in large urban agglomeration areas and low seismic hazard areas with thick sedimentary zones.  相似文献   

二连盆地赛汉塔拉凹陷腾二段低熟油地球化学特征和油源对比     

李杰豪  侯读杰  曹兰柱  吴飘  赵喆  马潇潇 《现代地质》2021,35(2):315-325

赛汉塔拉凹陷位于二连盆地腾格尔坳陷西部,是二连盆地低熟油分布区。采用有机地球化学和生物标志物分析方法,对赛汉塔拉凹陷下白垩统腾二段低熟原油和油砂样品进行了地球化学特征和油源对比研究。赛汉塔拉凹陷腾二段低熟油具有饱和烃含量相对较低、非烃和沥青质含量相对较高的族组成特征,正构烷烃分布以前峰型为主,主峰碳为C₂₁或C₂₃,Pr/Ph低(0.29~0.59),Pr/nC₁₇ 较低(0.29~0.58),Ph/nC₁₈较高(0.57~1.37),C₂₉甾烷20S/(20S+20R)为 0.27~0.40、C₂₉甾烷ββ/(αα+ββ)为0.29~0.39,伽马蜡烷指数多为0.31~1.34,三环萜烷含量低,反映出原油生成于半咸水—咸水还原环境,生源以藻类输入为主。油源对比研究认为,赛汉塔拉凹陷腾二段低熟油有两种来源:一种是来自下伏腾一段烃源岩咸水环境成熟早期阶段生烃;另一种是来自洼槽中心低成熟的腾二段烃源岩自生自储。  相似文献   

Coupling a 1D-local inertia 2D hydraulic model for flood dispatching simulation in a floodplain under joint control of multiple gates     

Li  Daming  Chen  Shuo  Zhen  Zhu  Bu  Shilong  Li  Yanqing 《Natural Hazards》2021,109(2):1801-1820

Natural Hazards - A 2D local inertial equations model coupled with a 1D hydraulic model was established to simulate flood dispatching in river and flood detention areas. A simplified first-order...  相似文献   

闽江下游河口区及其邻近海域表层沉积物的地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高爱国  赵冬梅  李超  郭占荣  罗时龙 《海洋地质前沿》2012,(5):1-6,20

闽江是我国东南沿海地区最大的河流,年径流量位居全国第3位。对采自闽江下游及闽江口邻近海域的沉积物分析表明,沉积物以SiO2含量高、Al2O3等组分的含量较低为特点。样品中碎屑矿物主要是石英、斜长石、正长石、白云母和绿泥石。从SiO2看,闽江沉积物与石英砂岩的成分较接近,不同于浅海沉积物,与黄河、长江、珠江三大河流也有较大差异。地形地貌及水动力条件控制沉积物粒度的分布,粒度又控制沉积物的组分分布。总体表现为,由陆向海,呈SiO2逐渐降低、Al2O3等组分升高的趋势。人类活动对闽侯段及闽江北港到马江段河流沉积物的影响也不容忽视。闽江流域的源区特征、水动力条件和搬运距离以及物理化学条件与生物作用对沉积物的改造,使得沉积物组分间具有良好的相关性。  相似文献   

基于核酸适配体功能化石墨纳米颗粒荧光探针的17β-雌二醇快速检测方法     

朴云仙  祁小丽  王湘  康博泉  史玉玺  胡慧  杨悦锁 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(4):1137-1144

为构建一种能够简单、快速、特异性检测复杂环境水体中雌激素污染的方法,利用石墨纳米颗粒作为荧光淬灭剂、核酸适配体作为识别元素、1-芘丁酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯作为异型双功能交联剂,构建了一种新型纳米荧光探针;并探究了构建荧光探针时核酸适配体初始投加量和荧光探针投加量对雌二醇检测的影响及最佳实验条件下检测雌二醇的效果和特异性。实验结果表明：核酸适配体能成功修饰在石墨纳米颗粒表面形成的稳定荧光探针;构建荧光探针时核酸适配体的最佳初始投加量为1.0 μmol/L;检测雌二醇时,荧光探针的最佳投加量为4 μg/mL;最佳实验条件下,相对荧光强度与雌二醇的质量浓度在50~800 ng/mL范围内成正比,最低检测限为34.5 ng/mL,且该荧光探针能实现对雌二醇的简单、快速、特异性检测。  相似文献   

广西龙头山金矿床黄铁矿标型特征及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

陶诗龙  赖健清  张建东  胡理芳  钱丽华 《地质找矿论丛》2017,32(1):33-41

广西龙头山金矿床是大瑶山成矿带内重要的金矿床,矿区发育大量不同类型的黄铁矿。根据黄铁矿的产出特征,将黄铁矿划分为5个世代,对应着5个成矿阶段:电气石-石英-硫化物阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)、石英-黄铁矿-闪锌矿阶段(Ⅳ)、石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅴ)。不同阶段黄铁矿晶形均以{100}为主,少见{210};金含量与{210}含量呈正相关。黄铁矿晶胞参数为5.411 86~5.415 52,变化幅度不大,与钴含量呈正相关,主成矿阶段受金含量影响而变大。形貌及砷含量变化特征表明,{210}和金含量随砷含量降低而升高,说明砷含量降低利于{210}的出现,且金与砷不存在正相关关系。形貌特征及微量元素特征均反映主成矿阶段温度应220℃,且多集中于300℃的范围;δFe—δS图解及矿床地质特征表明,成矿热液主要为岩浆热液。综合分析认为,龙头山金矿床为中-高温岩浆期后热液矿床。  相似文献   

湖南黄沙坪矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义     

赵飞  尹京武  王梦亚  张振华  孙衍东  张飘  高宇威  汪林峰  宗志宏 《现代地质》2016,30(5):1038-1050

湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床位于南岭构造带中段北缘,属于矽卡岩型矿床。根据矽卡岩产出状态、矿物共生组合及岩相学特征,从早期到晚期可划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、早期硫化物阶段和晚期硫化物阶段。矽卡岩矿物主要为石榴石、辉石、符山石等;金属矿物主要为白钨矿、辉钼矿、磁铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿等。电子探针分析结果表明,石榴石为钙铝-钙铁榴石系列,从早期到晚期,石榴石具有由钙铝榴石逐渐向钙铁榴石演化的规律。且钙铁榴石普遍发育震荡环带,而环带结构可持续记录钙铁榴石物理化学条件演化的过程。同时两种石榴石中均含Sn的成分,但钙铁榴石中Sn的含量明显高于钙铝榴石。辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,而且由内接触带向外接触带,辉石中Fe和Mn的含量有逐渐升高的趋势。矽卡岩矿物学特征及矿物成分的变化表明,成矿流体至少经历了两次氧化还原性质的转变。矽卡岩矿物学特征,对W(Sn) Mo Bi等多金属的矿化具有重要的地质指示意义。  相似文献   

海量海洋地图数据的分布式体系研究     

史世龙  周依文  魏芳 《地理空间信息》2009,7(1):141-144

针对目前架设海量海洋数据服务的主要方式优缺点，结合海洋数据的海量特点，提出需要解决的关键问题，具体阐述了海量海洋地图数据服务系统的双分布式架构的各个方面，介绍分布式服务系统的性能测试方案，分析了性能测试结果，最后给出了结论。  相似文献   

The intensified impact of El Niño on late-summer precipitation over East Asia since the early 1990s     

Piao  Jinling  Chen  Wen  Chen  Shangfeng  Gong  Hainan  Chen  Xiaolong  Liu  Bo 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(11):4793-4809

Climate Dynamics - This study reveals a pronounced enhancement of the relationship between the winter El Niño and the following late-summer precipitation over East Asia since the early 1990s....  相似文献